Open source is computer software with its source code made available and licensed
with an open source license in which the copyright holder provides the rights to
study, change and distribute the software to anyone and for any purpose. Open source
software is very often developed in a public, collaborative manner.
Open sourcesoftware is the most prominent example of open source development and often compared to (technically defined) user-generated content or (legally defined) open content movements.The Open Source Initiative's definition is widely recognized as the
standard or de facto definition.
Open source doesn't just mean access to the source code. The distribution terms of
open-source software must comply with the following criteria:
Free Redistribution
The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software as
a component of an aggregate software distribution containing programs from several
different sources. The license shall not require a royalty or other fee for such
sale.
Source Code
The program must include source code, and must allow distribution in source code as
well as compiled form. Where some form of a product is not distributed with source
code, there must be a well-publicized means of obtaining the source code for no more
than a reasonable reproduction cost preferably, downloading via the Internet without
charge. The source code must be the preferred form in which a programmer would
modify the program. Deliberately obfuscated source code is not allowed. Intermediate
forms such as the output of a preprocessor or translator are not allowed.
Derived Works
The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them to be
distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software.
Integrity of The Author's Source Code
The license may restrict source-code from being distributed in modified form only if
the license allows the distribution of "patch files" with the source code for the
purpose of modifying the program at build time. The license must explicitly permit
distribution of software built from modified source code. The license may require
derived works to carry a different name or version number from the original
software.
No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups
The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons.
No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor
The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the program in a specific
field of endeavor. For example, it may not restrict the program from being used in a
business, or from being used for genetic research.
Distribution of License
The rights attached to the program must apply to all to whom the program is
redistributed without the need for execution of an additional license by those
parties.
License Must Not Be Specific to a Product
The rights attached to the program must not depend on the program's being part of a
particular software distribution. If the program is extracted from that distribution
and used or distributed within the terms of the program's license, all parties to
whom the program is redistributed should have the same rights as those that are
granted in conjunction with the original software distribution.
License Must Not Restrict Other Software
The license must not place restrictions on other software that is distributed along
with the licensed software. For example, the license must not insist that all other
programs distributed on the same medium must be open-source software.
License Must Be Technology-Neutral
No provision of the license may be predicated on any individual technology or style
of interface.
Open-source Expert practice to increase the awareness and improve the perception of
open-source software. they can also refer to advocacy of open source hardware, open
source design and other uses of an open source approach such as open source
appropriate technology.
In some cases, this may be in opposition to proprietary software or intellectual
property concepts (e.g. patents and copyrights as a whole).
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